Integrated Waste Management
Integrated Waste Management
Integrated waste management
is an Unique Technology developed by BIOTECH for the treatment of all type of
waste generated from different places like Market, Slaughter House and from
Road Sweeping. There are Five technologies incorporated in a single treatment
plant. The major technology is BIOMETHANISATION. It is for easily degradable
materials like fish waste, meat waste and food waste. Bio Cinarator-For slow
degradable waste like dry leaves, plant parts, paper etc. Leach Bed-For slow degradable vegetables,
green leaves etc. Waste water Treatment
(UASB Reactor)-Treatment and recycling of waste water from Anaerobic
Treatment Plant. Vermi Compost -For final treatment of treated residue from
leach bed and Anaerobic Reactor
Now a days the treatment of
waste without pollution is an important task. The total waste Management means
that treatment of waste including solid waste and waste water. But the
treatment of any one type of waste for temporary remedy creates more pollution
including water pollution. The treatment plants installed for the treatment of
Fish Market Waste and Slaughter House Waste are not capable to treat other
degradable waste like dry leaves and other plant parts. If Bio methanisation technology
utilizing for the treatment of vegetable waste contains more fibre, it creates
more scum in the Biogas plants. It reduces the efficiency of the plant. The
treatment of all waste with the help of incinerator is also creates severe environmental
problems. Windro composting is also creates air pollution. To overcome all this
problems, the adoption of treatment technology will be suitable to the
structure of waste. Waste generates from different places and different
conditions having different structure. So the treatment method should be
different. Through the years of experience in the field of waste management
BIOTECH has developed an Integrated Waste Management Structure to manage all
type of waste material.
Advantages
of Integrated Waste Management (IWM)
Through the adoption of
multi technologies IWM reduce the volume of waste considerably.So the area
required for the treatment plant is very less than other technologies. The effluent form the treatment plant
is recycling through the recycling system.So the waste water discharge from the
plant is very less than other technologies.This reduces the use of fresh water
for the daily operation of the plant.The electrical equipments in the plant is
working with the help of electricity generated on the plant.To minimize the
area required for the treatment the dry plants parts are treating in the
biocinarator. The fuel from the operation of BIOCINARATOR is Biogas – which is generated in
the plant itself.
Vzhinjam- A success story
Business Model and Financial viability of
family size bio waste treatment biogas plants
installed by BIOTECH, Kerala
in
Vizhinjam Grama Panchayath, Thiruvananthapuram District
Vizhinjam is
one of the nearest Grama Panchayaths in the Thiruvananthapuram Town
Awareness
Programme for Grama Panchayath members
As a beginning BIOTECH conducted an awareness
programme for the Grama Panchayath
members with a view to educating them about
the possibility of hygienic disposal of waste and the generation of energy from
waste. BIOTECH conducted a site visit
along with the members of the Grama Panchayath and the beneficiaries who have
already installed these plants. It has been observed that all of them were
fully convinced and highly impressed about the performance of these plants. After
this visit they had discussed about the various aspects connected with the
implementation of this domestic system in a larger scale and requested BIOTECH
to conduct an awareness programme for the benefit of the public in the Vizhinjam
Grama Panchayath and also requested to submit a concept proposal.
Awareness
Programme for the Public
Selection
of volunteers
For the effective
feasibility study BIOTECH selected volunteers from among those who were
interested and experienced in field survey and evaluation. Accordingly 30
volunteers were selected and they were trained for a period of one week for the
selection of suitable sites for the
installation of plants in houses after assessing the availability of feed
materials, transportation facilities etc.
In addition to the
volunteers, 10 technical experts from BIOTECH had also been selected to closely
observe the programme under the supervision of a Programme Officer who was
competent to implement this project.
Feasibility
Study
The trained volunteers
conducted the feasibility study and selected 600 applicants as a first
phase
after collecting preliminary documents from the beneficiaries. The volunteers
were also provided with the second stage training for the installation of the
plants.
Approval
of the Project
After getting the concept
proposal approved by the Grama
Panchayath BIOTECH prepared detailed project
proposals and submitted them along with the 600 applications collected from the
beneficiaries. The Grama Panchayath decided to install 575 plants as a first
phase.
Application
of the technology and model of the plant
Bio methanization
technology was selected for the hygienic disposal of waste. The main advantage
of this system is that along the solid waste, organic waste water can also be
treated hygienically. Another main advantage is that biogas – a renewable
source of energy and organic fertilizer can also be produced.
The model of the treatment
plant selected is floating dome model with Re-inforced Cement Concrete (RCC)
Digester. The specialty of this model is that the installation of the digester
can be completed within four hours. In the brick constructed digester model the
installation time is between 6 to 7 days and the need of skilled technician is
highly essential. But in the case of RCC digester model any semi skilled person
can undertake the installation of the digester successfully. The installation
cost is also cheaper compared to traditional models. The RCC digester with
fibre glass floating dome model plant as designed and developed by BIOTECH had
been approved by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India.
Project Cost
The installation cost of 1
Cum plant was Rs. 8,200/- out of which Rs. 4000/- will be the financial support of the Grama Panchayath, Rs.
3,500/- the subsidy from Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and Rs.
700/- is the beneficiary share. For the implementation of 575 plants the Grama
Panchayath had spent Rs. 23 lakhs and the subsidy from MNRE is Rs. 20 where as the beneficiary share was Rs. 4.00
The total cost of the project was Rs. 47 lakhs.
In addition to the
beneficiary share all beneficiaries are to be involved for the excavation of the
pit, and the procurement of the cow dung for the initial feeding of the plant.
Production
and supply of materials
BIOTECH decided to start
the local production of digesters so as to avoid the delay in the
implementation of the project and to minimize transportation expenses.
Installation
of Plants
For the timely successful
completion of the project BIOTECH decided to select the unemployed youths for
the installation of the plants. 20 persons were selected and trained for the
purpose. The trained peoples have been arranged into 10 groups and each group was
to install one plant per day. As a result of this the installation team of BIOTECH
was able to complete the work within 60
working days.
BIOTECH is producing and
supplying gas collector, stoves and gas supply pipe lines from its own
centralized production centre.
Activation
of the plants
The beneficiaries will
start the feeding of the plant as per the guidance of technicians provided by
BIOTECH. After feeding, the gas holder
has to be fixed in the digester and pipe lines are to be properly connected. For
this purpose BIOTECH had issued instructions in the form of Users Manual to all
beneficiaries and also providing training in waste feeding and operation of the
plant.
Preparation
of documents
After the successful
installation of each plant BIOTECH will collect subsidy applications from the
beneficiaries and will take photograph of each plant along with beneficiaries
for future records.
Follow up
activities after the installation
After the completion of the
installation of the plants BIOTECH started an information counter with a
trained technician for providing service support to the beneficiaries. On getting
the request from the beneficiaries for the servicing of the plants, this
technician will be visiting the plants and rectifying the minor defects.
Evaluation
of performance of plants
BIOTECH will be conducting
performance evaluation survey on half yearly basis. During the evaluation it has
been observed that all plants are working without any problem. After the
successful completion of three years BIOTECH had conducted evaluation programmes
of the plants installed and found that 98 % plants are working perfectly. 2%
plants are not functioning properly due to the shifting of accommodation and
other personal inconvenience of beneficiary concerned.
Benefits
of the scheme
a. Beneficiaries :- Each beneficiary is
able to treat 2 Kg. of organic waste and 20 – 30 litres of waste water
generated from the Kitchen. With the help of their own bio waste treatment
biogas plants each beneficiary can produce 1 Cum biogas every day. It is sufficient to
meet more than 50% of their cooking
needs. The treated organic waste water coming out from the plant is utilized
for the vegetable cultivation in the kitchen garden.
b.
Local Bodies :- Through the
installation of 575 plants the Grama Panchayath was able to manage the
effective treatment of 1150 Kg. of waste at the source itself where they are
generated. The organic waste water discharged from the houses can also be treated
in the houses itself. In this way 17250 litres of organic waste water is also being
treated anaerobically. Ultimately the health condition of the beneficiaries who
have installed these plants have been improved. Now they are not throwing out
their own organic waste and waste water to the neighbors grounds or in public
places.
Environment
Benefits
Through the installation of
575 plants everyday, 575 Cum biogas is being captured from organic waste
materials and waste water. The annual biogas recovery is 209875 Cum. It is
equivalent to 2012 metric tons of carbon di oxide.
Financial
Benefits
1 Cum biogas is equivalent
to 0.5 Kg. of LPG. Through the installation of 575 plants the consumption of 104937 Kg. of LPG can be
saved every year. Through the utilization of carbon credits from the plants
every year each beneficiary is able to generate 3.5 CDM. BIOTECH is in the
preparation of CDM project for providing the benefits to all the 575
beneficiaries.
Conclusion
This type of decentralized
waste to energy plants help the public to participate in renewable energy
generation and environmental protection activities at a time. For these the liberal
support from the Government as well as from Private Institutions are highly
essential.
Story of green pammal, Chennai
BIOTECH
- WASTE TO ELECTRICITY PROJECT
(Module digester model )
(Module digester model )
In Chennai, The capital of Tamilnadu, India
BIOTECH has designed and
installed a compact and pre fabricated Bio waste to Electricity plant at Sri
Sankar Nagar, Pammal, Chennai, the Capital of Tamil Nadu, India
This plant is capable of
treating 300 Kg. of organic waste every day. Bio methanization technology is
applied for this process. The process involves the breaking down of the waste
substances into simpler substances for the consumption of microorganisms
resulting in the by production of methane and carbon dioxide. 25-30 Cum Biogas is being generated every
day. This gas is utilized for power generation. 40 KWH of electricity is
generated every day. It is used for meeting the in-house requirement for the
project and for street lighting. 50 N0s. of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)
have been installed nearby the streets and these are working with green
electricity.
The specialty of this plant
is that it is totally a pre-fabricated one, made of Fiber Glass Reinforced
Plastic (FRP). The system is equipped with three anaerobic pre-digesters and
three Modified Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (MUASB) reactors connected in
series. The treated liquid that comes out from the plant is utilized as
fertilizer and a part of this treated slurry is re used for the operation of
the plant with the help of an inbuilt slurry loop system. The slurry is of high
nutrient content and does not have any polluting properties like that of
chemical fertilizers. The Biogas
generated from the pre-digesters and digesters are passed through a non return
unit and collected in a centralized synthetic gas collector. This gas is passed
through a gas scrubber and after scrubbing it is used as fuel in a 100% Biogas
engine for the generation of electricity.
The main advantage of the
prefabricated system is the saving of space and time required
for the
installation. Without much expense all parts of the plant can be shifted from
one place to other if necessary. It is maintenance free and uses only minimum
moving parts. The treated solid manure can be removed from the pre-digester.
Through the introduction of pre-digesters, there is no chance for formation of
scum in the digesters. Predigesting also helps in better performance of the
reactor as the physical conditions can be maintained at required. The expected
life of the plant is more than15 years. The Environmental benefit derived
through the installation of the plant is equivalent to the emission reduction
of more than 100 metric tones of CO2 every year. It also solves the
problem of waste disposal and the other negative impacts like pollution,
diseases, unaesthetic appearance of the city etc related to it.
Sri Sankar Nagar, Pammal, Chennai - 75, Tamilnadu state, India
Distance from the Chennai International
Airport
Project promoted by - Exinora Green Pummal
Main Sponsor- Sam Foundation .
Technical Details of Waste to
Electricity ptoject
Treatment
Capacity of the Plant - 300 Kg. of Organic Waste
Type
of feed materials - All degradable materials like
cooked food waste, vegetable, fruits,fish and meat waste
cooked food waste, vegetable, fruits,fish and meat waste
No.
of Anaerobic Pre-digesters - 3 Nos
Volume
of each Pre-digesters - 3,500 litters
No.
of Digesters - 3 Nos.
Volume
of digesters - 20,000 litters
Gas
generation per day - 25 – 30 Cum
Use
of gas - Electricity Generation
Generator
(100% biogas model) - 5 KW
Stand
by generator (Duel Fuel model) - 3 KW
Organic
fertilizer output per day - Liquid Fertilizer – 300 liter
Solid
Fertilizer – 30 Kg.
Electricity
Generation - 35 KWH
Number
of hours - 7 Hrs. ( Day time 3 Hrs.,
Evening – 6 pm to 10 pm )
Number
of lights installed - 50 Nos. of 11 W CFL
In-house requirement of
electricity -For the operation
of pump in slurry loop system, pump in Gas scrubber, gas pump, de-humidifier
etc.
Manpower required for the
operation of plant- One operator + One
part time supervisor
Annual benefits derived from the project
Hygienic
disposal of organic waste
- 109 Metric Tons
Bio Gas
produced
- 10,950 Cum
Electricity
generated
- 16,425 KWH
Liquid
fertilizer
- 109,500 Litres
Solid
manure
- 10 Metric Tons
Co2 emission
reduction
- 3105 Metric Tons
Employment
generated
- 1450 Man days.
(Including
involvement of waste collectors)
This type of decentralized
waste treatment system helps the community to participate in de centralized
waste disposal, green energy generation , reducing pollution and in climate protection activities also . To
achieve this goal BIOTECH is trying our level best.
Waste to Electricity-Kozhanchery - a business model
Business Model and Financial viability of
Integrated Bio Waste treatment Electricity
Generation Project
installed by BIOTECH, Kerala
In Kozhanchery Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta
District, Kerala
Introduction
2010 , Kozhanchery
Grama Panchayath is one of the thickly populated Grama panchayaths in the Pathanamthitta
District. The town area includes the markets, hospitals, auditorium and other
trade centers. Large quantities of wastes in the form of waste from fish,
vegetables, meat etc. are being
generated every day in the market. Lack of proper waste treatment system had
created lot of health and environmental problems. The Grama Panchayath
committee decided to overcome these problems. The Grama Panchayath committee
approached BIOTECH for implementing a waste treatment system suitable for the
treatment of entire waste generated from the Kozhanchery town.
As a first stage of the
project BIOTECH conducted an awareness programme for the Panchayath members
about the hygienic disposal of waste and about the possibility of generating of
electricity from the waste.
Feasibility Study
The technical experts of
the BIOTECH conducted a feasibility study and collected the data about the
quantity and types of waste generated in the market. They also visited the site
where the Panchayath propose to construct the waste treatment plant and found
it feasible.
Submission of concept proposal
Based on the details of the
feasibility study BIOTECH prepared a concept proposal which includes, brief
description about the waste treatment plant, rough cost, return on investment,
the terms for the installation and submitted to the Panchayath for approval The
Panchayath committee approved the concept proposal given by the BIOTECH and requested
BIOTECH to submit a detailed proposal.
Submission of DPR
BOTECH prepared Detailed
Project Report (DPR) and submitted to the panchayath. The
panchayah committee
approved the DPR and gave the work order. The panchayath handed over the
proposed site to the BIOTECH for the implementation of the project.
Signing of the agreement
After getting approval of the DPR an agreement was made between the panchayath authority and Biotech for the implementation of the project.
After getting approval of the DPR an agreement was made between the panchayath authority and Biotech for the implementation of the project.
Installation and activation of the plant
After signing the agreement
BIOTECH started the project in the panhayath and completed the project in a
specified time limit according to the agreement.
After the installation of
the plant the technical experts of the BIOTECH activated the plant using
BIOTECH culture and cow dung as an initial feed.
Commissioning of the plant
After the activation of the plant BIOTECH
conducted trail runs for a period of 7 days. During this time the panchayath
president and other members visited the plant and observed the functioning of
the plant.
Signing of agreement for operation of the plant
At the time of the
commissioning of the plant an agreement was made between the BIOTECH and the
panchayath for the future operation of the plant.
Selection of operators and training
After signing of the
operational agreement, BIOTECH selected three unemployed youths from the Kozhanchery
Panchayath and trained them to work as operators.
Awareness Program for merchants in the Market
BIOTECH conducted an
awareness program to the merchants of the market. And to educated them about
the systematic collection and the hygienic disposal of the waste generated in
the market. BIOTECH also demonstrated the functioning of the plant.
Daily operation of the plant.
Present status
of the Project
Every day the electricity is being generated
three times. That is from 3.30 to 6.30 in the morning, from 12 Noon to 2 PM in
the afternoon and from 6.30 to 9.30 in the evening. This is the first integrated waste treatment
plant installed in Kerala. Every day lots of people including research students
are visiting the plants for studying about the operation of the plant.
Operational
arrangements
The regular operation of
the plant is under the supervision of BIOTECH. A part time supervisor is
monitoring the performance of the plant and issuing necessary guidelines to the
operators. There are 4 operators working on regular basis for the effective
operation of the plant. This arrangement helps BIOTECH to provide performance
guarantee of the project.
Technical
Details of Plant
Total treatment capacity - 5000 Kg.
Biomethanation plant - 2000 Kg
Bio-incinerator - 3000 Kg
Design of the plant - Floating
Dome Model
Specialty
of the plant - Slurry
loop system with anaerobic
pre-digester
Capacity of the generator - 20 KW
No. of lights installed - 200 Nos.
(11 Watt CFL)
Benefits
from the Scheme
Grama
Panchayaths :– The bio degradable waste generated from fish and vegetable
markets can be treated hygienically in the same day it is generated. The
electricity bill for street lights can be reduced considerably. Hygienic
surroundings can be maintained inside the market.
Environmental
Benefits
Every day 200
Cum biogas is being captured from the organic waste. This way large quantity of
methane emission can be controlled.
The growth of flies, street
dogs, rats etc. which are feeding on wastes can be controlled.
Replicability
of the Scheme
Due to the efficient
performance and trouble free functioning the plant, more than 65 Grama
Panchayaths had came forward inviting BIOTECH for conducting feasibility study
and installation of the plant. Out of this 52 projects had already been
completed and 8 projects are nearing completion. We expect that in the near
future about all the Grama Panchayaths, Public and Private institutions will
come forward to install similar type of projects through out Kerala and also
outside Kerala.
More information about waste to electricity projects are available from-
Director,
BIOTECH, PB.NO.520, M.P.AppanRoad, Vazhuthacadu,Thycadu.P.O,
Trivandrum.Pin.695 014, KERALA, INDIA, Tel.+91 471-2332179,2 321909,
email.biotechindia@eth.net www.biotech-india.org
Prefabricated Portable biogas Plant
Disposal of organic waste is one of the major problem faced by local self governments as well as general public . Many of the centralized waste treatment plants are facing problems due to various reasons . To overcome this issue decentralized waste treatment technologies are one of the best option .
With the help of a family size biogas plant anyone can dispose their own organic waste hygenically without any environmental Issues . Traditional model gobargas plants are not suitable for this purpose. Prefabricated plants are suitable for the areas where people leving in urban areas due to the non availability of sufficant space for the installation of traditional plants.
To meet the requirement of prefabricated
Further details about this plants are available from
www.bioted-india.org
www.drsajidas.com
What is Biogas plant
BIOGAS plant
Biogas plant is a combination
of digester and gas holder either a
single chamber or
separate chambers depending upon the design of the plant.
There should be an inlet portion in the digester for the input of organic matter and an out let
portion for discharging the treated organic materials from the digester.
The fermentation process takes
place in the digester portion of the plant. Single stage or multi stage
digestion facilities have been incorporated with each biogas plant based on the
design. The biogas produced will be collected in the gas collector portion of
the plant.
Many categories of biogas plants have been developed in different models. Biogas plants can broadly
be classified based on the application such as domestic , Institutional and commercial.
Three categories of biogas
plants are available these days. Those are batch type, semi continuous type and
continuous type.
Many new models of plants have
been developed in different parts of the world to
provide suitable and
efficient service to the customers. The popular models are, Fixed dome gas
collector, Floating dome gas collector, RCC digester with Flexible gas
collector, Geomembrane digester, Tube digester , Lagoon digester etc.
Biogas plants are also available
as portable, prefabricated and constructed at site. Biogas plants can be
constructed using locally available construction materials.
international levels are
actively involved in the promotion of family size biogas plants for providing clean fuel, organic
manure and better sanitation facilities for rural peoples. In urban areas domestic biogas plants can be
installed for the effective treatment of organic leftovers from the kitchen as
well as from the garden. The Biogas produced through this process can be used
to replace LPG .
Industrial level and commercial
level biogas plants are being installed by many
reputed companies in almost all
the developed countries for the production of biogas. In these plants biogas produced
is being used for the production of electricity and heat. The purified biogas
can be used as a fuel for running vehicles and also a fuel for different
industrial applications. The treated substrate (Organic material) discharged
from the biogas plant is being utilized as an enriched organic manure.
Biogas plants have a bright
future as green source of energy. It can be utilized to improve the life style
of the peoples of different categories in the community.
Those who are interested to study more details about various biogas plants can join the online course available in the following web sites.
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